The CIPP model, proposed by L.D. Stufflebeam, consists of four key evaluation components: Context, Input, Process, and Product.
1. Concept of the CIPP Evaluation Model
The CIPP evaluation model was introduced by Stufflebeam in 1983 with the goal of providing evaluators with the necessary information to make informed decisions. This model encourages educators to actively participate in the evaluation process and identify the key elements that need to be evaluated in order to make appropriate decisions. Every training program holds intrinsic value for the participants. The CIPP model focuses on four main aspects: objectives, planning, actions, and results. These four aspects lead to four distinct evaluation phases: Context, Input, Process, and Product.
2. Indicators Measured in the CIPP Model.
- Context Evaluation:
Context evaluation assesses whether the objectives of the training program have been achieved during and after its completion. It also evaluates if the training program’s objectives align with the current educational context and societal needs. The questions include whether the objectives meet learners’ expectations and if they are relevant to the learners’ needs. Furthermore, it evaluates whether the objectives are clear and achieved by the end of the training program.
- Input Evaluation:
Input evaluation focuses on two main aspects: the content of the program and the technical infrastructure and equipment that support the training program’s implementation.
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- Content of the Program: Is the content relevant and does it meet the training objectives? Does it address the learners’ needs?
- Supportive Infrastructure and Equipment: Are the necessary facilities, such as classrooms, equipment (audio-visual tools, libraries, and study materials), and resources, provided adequately to meet the learners’ needs?
- Process Evaluation:
Process evaluation is assessed through three key angles: learner participation, teaching-learning strategies, and learners’ involvement in research activities.
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- Learner Participation: Are learners actively engaged during internships? Do they participate actively in classroom activities?
- Teaching-Learning Strategy: Is the teaching method appropriate for each course module? Is group work conducted effectively? Are learners assessed fairly throughout the training program?
- Research Participation: Are learners encouraged to conduct research projects? Has their research skill improved during the program?
- Product Evaluation:
Product evaluation is assessed through three main angles: a comprehensive assessment of the program, the competency of learners after the program, and the impression of the program.
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- Comprehensive Evaluation of Teaching Process: This includes learner satisfaction, whether the program meets learners’ needs, whether it enhances their understanding, and whether it can improve their attitudes.
- Learners’ Competency: Do learners acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to meet the minimum requirements of the labor market?
- Impression of the Program: Do learners find the training program useful?
The CIPP evaluation model combines both formative (initial) and summative (overall) evaluations. The strength of this model lies in providing a simple, practical tool for evaluators to obtain crucial insights. It supports decision-making related to the training program, ensuring effective implementation and high-quality outcomes that align with the training objectives.
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of the CIPP Evaluation Model.
* Advantages of the CIPP Evaluation Model:
- The CIPP evaluation model is management-oriented, assisting evaluators in making decisions related to the program.
- The CIPP model combines both formative (initial) and summative (overall) evaluations within a single assessment. This combination allows evaluators to make quick decisions for adjusting the program and its implementation process, aiming towards a more complete and effective program.
- The evaluation process in the CIPP model is very clear and specific across different stages. As a result, evaluators and stakeholders can easily follow and carry out the evaluation tasks.
* Disadvantages of the CIPP Evaluation Model:
- The CIPP model requires significant time to collect information and demands a large amount of data to fully evaluate the program and support decision-making.
- To effectively evaluate a training program using the CIPP model, it is essential to develop a detailed and specific plan.
The CIPP model emphasizes goal-based evaluation, facilitating the establishment of goals that are better aligned with societal development needs. By evaluating implementation conditions and processes, it allows training managers to promptly adjust weaknesses, thus improving the quality and effectiveness of educational activities.
The CIPP evaluation model is used across multiple stages, from program design, implementation, to post-program completion. This allows for a clear assessment of the program’s needs and objectives through input evaluation, organizing activities including process evaluation, and overall product evaluation. Choosing a training evaluation model depends on several factors, including the evaluation objectives, timing of the evaluation, budget for evaluation, participants involved in the evaluation, and the required level of evaluation results.
HRDC Collection and Sharing.
Source: https://tks.edu.vn/thong-tin-khoa-hoc/chi-tiet/120/800
